Fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine are the most common injuries to the spine. Exaggerated curvature (kyphosis) at the end of treatment may predispose to subsequent back pain and poor functional outcome. Damage to the nerve root or spinal cord may result in partial or complete loss of sensory and motor function in the legs, and urinary and fecal incontinence. Treatment depends on the individual characteristics of the fracture, with options including bed rest only, closed reduction of the fracture and a functional splint, and surgery including open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture. Surgical intervention frequently involves posterior pedicle screw fixation, in which screws are typically placed in the "pedicle" portions of the vertebrae (bones of the spine) adjacent to the damaged vertebrae and connected by rods to keep the bones in place. place and stabilize the fracture as it heals. This review examined the data for the different types of pedicle screw fixation and for additional support such as fusion, where a bone graft (usually taken from a bone near the patient's hip region) or a substitute is added. to the spine. The latter aims to reduce movement of the damaged segment and any associated pain